Understanding how atoms connect with one another to form molecules.

Determining the products of chemical reactions and writing balanced chemical equations to show the reaction.

Predicting the amounts of substances produced or used up in chemical reactions.

Calculating how the temperature and phase of substances change as they are heated or cooled.

Learning about what happens when one substance is dissolved in another; how to determine concentration, the maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved, and how the boiling and freezing points change for a solution.

Determining how energy & heat are released or absorbed in chemical reactions.

Showing the relationships between the temperature, pressure, and volume of gases.

Calculating the volumes of gases produced in reactions.

Understanding the factors which affect how two-way reactions behave.