Converting between conventional and scientific notation and calculating measurement error.

Determining precision in measured values and maintaining precision when calculating using measured data.

Converting units using the technique of factor dimensional analysis.

Describing the composition of the atom and calculating the numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a given atom.

Finding the mass of a molecule from its formula.

Converting between the mass and number of atoms and molecules in a substance using the concept of the mole.

Naming compounds from their chemical formulas and vice versa.

Using the percentage composition of a substance to find its chemical formula and vice versa.

Understanding the nature of electrons and how they are are organized in atoms.

Using the structure of electrons in atoms to make predictions about elements' properties.